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Импактные события на нашей планете, то есть столкновения с различными небесными телами, не такая редкость, как может показаться на первый взгляд. Об этом говорят более 120 известных крупных кратеров. Пожалуй, одно из самых известных и катастрофических импактных событий — падение астероида, после столкновения с которым образовался кратер Чиксулуб. Напомним, что этот астероид вызывал массовое вымирания, в результате которого исчезли динозавры. Согласно некоторым исследованиям, еще одно крупное импактное событие произошло в Сирии 12800 лет назад. По мнению ученых, оно не только повлияло на климат, но и развитие человечества.
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12800 лет назад в Землю врезалась комета диаметром 100 км
Падение кометы остановило потепление климата
Последний ледниковый период на Земле начался примерно 115 тысяч лет назад и закончился около 11 тысяч лет назад. Причем переломный момент наступил 20 тысяч лет назад, после чего температура на планете постоянно повышалась. Однако существует гипотеза, согласно которой в последние тысячелетия ледникового периода климат опять стал более холодным, то есть процесс потепления прекратился. Этот период принято называть Поздним Дриасом. Предположительно, его спровоцировало космическое событие.
Согласно недавнему исследованию, Поздний Дриас возник в результате падения кометы. Это небесное тело имело диаметр около 100 км и взорвалось не достигнув поверхности нашей планеты. При этом мощные ударные волны разрушили дома людей и уничтожили леса. Но самое главное — мощный взрыв привел к изменению климата и повлиял на биоразнообразие. Хотя, взрыв был все же не настолько мощным, как в случае с падением астероида Чиксулуб.
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Поздний Дриас был вызван космическим событием
К такому выводу ученые пришли после изучения слоев отложений с неолитической стоянки Абу-Хурейра. Она была раскопана в 70-х годах, а затем затоплена при строительстве Евфратской плотины. Стоянка сохранила много ранних свидетельств перехода людей от охоты и собирательства к земледелию, поэтому вызывает большой интерес у ученых.
Комета уничтожила древнюю деревню
В ходе исследования ученые обнаружили разрушенные в результате удара кварцевые зерна. Такой кварц является надежным показателем космического воздействия. Подобные повреждения кварцевых зерен ученые находят в метеоритных кратерах. Правда, возникает вопрос — если комета врезалась в Землю, почему нет кратера?
Как поясняют ученые, подобные повреждения кварца также возникают в результате ядерного взрыва в воздухе, то есть даже если кратер не образуется. Поэтому можно предположить, что комета или астероид взорвался в воздухе, но на небольшом расстоянии от земли.
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На костях ученые обнаружили стеклянные шарики
Согласно результатам одного из исследований, зерна кварца подверглись воздействию температуры не менее 1713 °C, которая соответствует его точке плавления. Вполне возможно, что температура достигала даже 2200 °C. Кроме того, ученые обнаружили свидетельства того, что небесное тело, врезавшееся в Землю, уничтожило древнее поселение людей. Об этом говорят крошечные шарики, образованные расплавленным стеклом, которые были обнаружены на инструментах, костях, глиняных стенах и пр.
На кусочках расплавленного стекла даже сохранились отпечатки растений. Однако у людей в тот период времени не было технологий, которые позволили бы сделать произвести такое стекло.
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Комета уничтожила древнее поселение на территории Сирии
Падение кометы на Землю изменило людей 13000 лет назад
Согласно еще одному исследованию, после взрыва кометы сильно изменились условия на Земле. Климат стал более сухим и прохладным, в результате чего люди больше не могли существовать как охотники и собиратели. Многие растения и животные, которые позволяли людям выживать, просто исчезли.
Чтобы не погибнуть в новых условиях, жители деревни начали выращивать ячмень, пшеницу и бобовые. Об этом также свидетельствуют обнаруженные следы в отложениях. Отсюда следует, что в Сирии стала зарождаться культура сельского хозяйства. Оно стало необходимой адаптацией для повышения шансов сообщества на выживание.
Переходите по ссылке на наш ЯНДЕКС.ДЗЕН КАНАЛ. Мы подготовили для вас множество интересных, захватывающих материалов посвященных науке.
Напомним, что повсеместно люди стали заниматься сельским хозяйством позже — примерно 10000-9000 лет назад. Это стало серьезной вехой в развитии человечества, поэтому данный период принято называть неолитической революцией.
