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На Земле существует более 1 миллиона видов насекомых, то есть это один из самых разнообразных классов животных. Этих удивительных созданий настолько много, что на каждого человека приходится примерно 250 миллионов (!) жучков. Общая масса всех насекомых на планете в 40 раз больше, чем масса всего человечества. Насекомые бывают разного цвета, размера и так далее — некоторые из них напоминают инопланетных существ, особенно при близком рассмотрении. Среди них очень сильно выделяются жуки-голиафы (Goliathus), которые впечатляют своими размерами. Они могут вырасти до величины авокадо, а также их размер можно сравнить с ладонью человека. Ну что, вы готовы посмотреть на фотографии этих гигантов? А может быть, в мире есть еще более крупные насекомые?
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Жук-голиаф на человеческой ладони. Источник фотографии: apus.ru
Самые большие насекомые в мире
Жуки-голиафы — это не название определенного вида насекомых, а целый род жуков Goliathus. Голиафы делятся на пять разных видов: G. goliatus, G. regius, G. cacicus, G. orientalis, и G. albosignatus. Они являются частью семейства жуков-скарабеев, который включает примерно 30 тысяч разнообразных созданий.
Самым крупным представителем рода голиафов является жук Goliathus regius, который также известен как королевский голиаф. От остальных сородичей он отличается не только крупным телом, но и черно-белой окраской. Авторы научного издания IFL Science сравнили рисунок на его теле с тестом Роршаха — это психологический тест, в котором специалист показывает пациенту «кляксы» и на основе ответов определяет диагноз.
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Королевский голиаф с черно-белым рисунком на спине. Источник фотографии: animaljournal.ru
Королевские голиафы вырастают до 10-сантиметровой длины и обитают в жарких территориях Экваториальной Африки. Их родственники Goliathus goliatus тоже могут вырастать до таких размеров, однако живут в других африканских регионах.
Сколько весят жуки-голиафы, сказать сложно — у ученых нет единого мнения по этому поводу. Например, в некоторых источниках говорится, что самые тяжелые жуки в мире весят до 100 граммов. При этом, в Книге рекордов Гиннесса указано, что масса тела голиафов достигает максимум 50 граммов. Может показаться, что это ничтожный показатель, но для насекомых это очень много.
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Огромный жук вида Goliathus goliatus. Источник фотографии: beatlename.ru
Что едят жуки-голиафы
Жуки-голиафы очень большие, а значит, нуждаются в большом количестве еды. Чтобы вырабатывать достаточное для жизни количество энергии, они едят все подряд, начиная от плодов деревьев и заканчивая телами разлагающихся животных.
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Жуки-голиафы совсем не привередливы к еде. Источник фотографии: animaljournal.ru
Такая прожорливость означает, что у огромных жуков много сил. И действительно, жуки-голиафы способны поднимать объекты, которые примерно в 850 раз тяжелее, чем их собственная масса тела. Это то же самое, если бы человек мог за один раз поднять сразу двух кашалотов массой 40 тонн.
Вам будет интересно: Самые редкие насекомые в мире — в дикой природе их осталось около 30 особей
Самые крупные жуки на Земле
Итак, жуки-голиафы являются большими, тяжелыми и сильными представителями мира насекомых. А имеются ли у них конкуренты? Конечно же, они есть.
За звание самого большого насекомого на Земле могут соперничать жуки-слоны (Megasoma elephas), дровосеки-титаны (Titanus giganteus) и жуки-геркулесы (Dynastes hercules). Последние являются самыми крупными, потому что длина их тела достигает 17,3 сантиметров. Но почему же в Книгу рекордов Гиннесса попали не они, а голиафы? А все потому, что у геркулесов большая часть тела представлена крупным рогом на голове.
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Жук-геркулес (Dynastes hercules). Источник фотографии: scientificrussia.ru
Несмотря на свои колоссальные размеры, жуки-геркулесы способны летать. К сожалению, одновременно встретить геркулесов и голиафов невозможно, потому что они живут в разных частях нашей планеты. Впрочем, они могут быть представлены в террариумах, так что у некоторых людей все же есть возможность вживую сравнить размеры этих созданий.
Ну, как вас жуки-голиафы? Они вызывают у вас восхищение или отвращение? Пишите в нашем Telegram-чате!
Очень надеемся, что мы смогли удивить вас хотя бы парочкой интересных фактов. А если вы почти ничего не знали о жуках-голиафах и сильно расширили свой кругозор, вообще отлично. На нашем сайте много других интересных статей на тему насекомых. Например, относительно недавно ну нас вышел материал про личинок ручейников, которые способны строить себе панцири из драгоценных камней. Один художник смог использовать это умение крошечных созданий для того, чтобы начать зарабатывать большие деньги.
