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В Венеции есть небольшой остров Лазаретто Веккьо, который имеет прямоугольную форму и плотно застроен старинными сооружениями. На протяжении многих лет, с 1348 по 1630 год, он использовался как санаторий для больных чумой людей. Потом остров был заброшен, и только в начале 21 века археологи начали проводить там раскопки. Во время работы они обнаружили на острове множество скелетов жертв чумы — болезнь унесла особенно много жизней 1576 году. Во рту некоторых людей ученые обнаружили кирпичи. Вероятно, люди тех времен считали, что некоторые из умерших являются вампирами и питаются плотью других мертвецов. Недавно ученые изучили один из черепов и смогли воссоздать лицо «вампира 16 века». Вы должны это видеть!

Как выглядел «вампир 16 века» — посмотрите на лицо женщины, напугавшей могильщиков - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Женщина, которую в 16 веке считали вампиром, выглядела примерно так. Изображение: IFL Science

Интересный факт: остров Лазаретто Веккьо дал начало существующему во многих языках мира слову «лазарет». Так называется специальное место для ухода за людьми, которые могут быть заражены какой-либо болезнью.

Содержание

  • 1 Как появились легенды о вампирах
  • 2 Как ученые нашли скелет древнего вампира
  • 3 Как выглядели вампиры в древности
  • 4 Правда ли, что вампиры существуют

Как появились легенды о вампирах

По данным IFL Science, во времена захоронения умерших от чумы людей итальянские могильщики распускали много слухов о вампирах. Тогда образа вампира в плаще и двумя острыми клыками еще не существовало — он был создан ирландским писателем Брэмом Стокером в романе «Дракула» только в 1897 году.

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Остров Лазаретто Веккьо с высоты птичьего полета. Фотография: Википедия, Chris 73

В представлении могильщиков вампирами были мертвецы, которые оживали в массовых захоронениях и питались разлагающимися трупами. Кровососами они считали те трупы, которые были сильнее всего раздуты из-за телесных жидкостей. Изо рта и носа некоторых мертвецов сочилась кровь, поэтому и возникло предположение, что они поедали другие тела.

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В общем, образ вампира в 16 веке был не таким романтичным, как сейчас. Изображение: ondacero.es

Многие жертвы чумы во время похорон покрывались саваном — это ткань, которую укладывают на поверхность тела покойника. Иногда материал очень быстро разлагался, и могильщики предполагали, что вампиры также едят ткань.

Читайте также: Кто такой Влад Цепеш и почему он стал прообразом вампира графа Дракулы

Как ученые нашли скелет древнего вампира

Во время раскопок в 2006 году ученые обнаружили скелет такого вампира. В его рту находился внушительного размера кирпич. Скорее всего, могильщики вставили его, чтобы кровосос не смог питаться другими мертвецами.

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Найденный череп с кирпичом во рту. Изображение: National Geographic

Анализ показал, что тело принадлежало женщине в возрасте около 60 лет. При жизни она в основном питалась овощами и зерновыми культурами — такой рацион намекал на то, что она не была богатой и принадлежала низкому социальному слою общества.

Вам будет интересно: В аргентинской пещере найдены кости гигантской летучей мыши-вампира

Как выглядели вампиры в древности

Недавно судебно-медицинский эксперт и по совместительству 3D-дизайнер Цицеро Мораес решил воссоздать внешний вид этой женщины-вампира. Чтобы сделать это, сначала он нарисовал передний и боковой вид ее черепа. Потом он использовал данные из компьютерного томографа для создания трехмерной модели. Специальные программы помогли ему «натянуть» на модель реалистичную кожу, и результат его работы вы видите на изображении ниже.

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Внешний вид женщины-вампира из Лазаретто Веккьо. Изображение: ortogonline.com

Вдобавок к этому Цицеро Мораес создал копию обнаруженного во рту женщины кирпича из пенопласта. Потом он провел несколько экспериментов, чтобы понять, мог бы он поместиться во рту женщины. Результаты показали, что действительно — камень с трудом, но вполне мог уместиться между зубами «вампирши» и даже не повредить ее зубы и мягкие ткани.

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Кирпич точно помещался в рот женщины, которую считали вампиром. Изображение: ortogonline.com

Но как именно кирпич оказался в ее рту, ученые до сих пор не знают. Да, с большой долей вероятности, его вставили могильщики, боясь ее воскрешения. Но также существует версия о том, что кирпич оказался там по случайности. Какой версии верите вы? Пишите в нашем Telegram-чате.

Любопытное открытие: Летучие мыши-вампиры любят ужинать в компании друзей

Правда ли, что вампиры существуют

Археологи часто находят скелеты людей, которые в древние времена считались вампирами. Обычно их хоронили с кольями в области сердца или полностью прибивали их тела к земле. В 2022 году тело одного вампира было найдено в польском городе Быдгощ — шее женщины после смерти было прислонено серп. Видимо, польские могильщики считали, что если вампир попытается встать, орудие для уборки зерновых культур перережет ей шею. Если интересно, обязательно почитайте наш материал «В Польше найден скелет „вампира“, который наводил на людей ужас».

Как выглядел «вампир 16 века» — посмотрите на лицо женщины, напугавшей могильщиков - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Скелет «вампира», найденный в Польше. Изображение: CNN Brasil

А вы уже подписаны на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram? Самое время это сделать!

Само собой разумеется, вампиров не существует. Несмотря на то, что в одном литре человеческой крови содержится около 700 килокалорий, люди не могут им питаться. Это связано как минимум с тем, что кровь всех млекопитающих богата железом. При его избытке у человека быстро разовьется болезнь, которая сопровождается слабостью, сердечной недостаточностью и даже накоплением жидкости в легких. За подробностями идите в нашу статью «Может ли человек стать вампиром и питаться кровью?».

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