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24.11.2023
11 3 minutes read

По своей природе, люди являются крайне любознательными созданиями. Благодаря своей тяге к познанию нового, миллионы лет назад наши предки начали добывать огонь и изобрели колесо. После этого, они начали изучать звезды, что в итоге привело к полету в космос в 1960-е годы. Человеческую любознательность в самом серьезном смысле этого слова принято называть «наукой», а людей, которые занимаются этой деятельностью, мы называем «учеными». Возможно, когда-то вам становилось интересно, кто является самым первым ученым в истории человечества. Можно было бы подумать, что это какой-нибудь Платон или Пифагор, но на самом деле это далеко не так. Имя самого первого ученого в мире вы могли и не слышать.

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Самый первый ученый в мире жил задолго до Эйнштейна и даже Аристотеля

Содержание

  • 1 Кто придумал термины наука и ученый
  • 2 Самый первый ученый в мире
    • 2.1 Кем был Фрэнсис Бэкон
    • 2.2 Научные открытия Хасана Ибн аль-Хайсама
    • 2.3 Самый древний ученый Фалес Милетский

Кто придумал термины наука и ученый

По данным научного издания IFL Science, первым настоящим ученым можно считать человека по имени Уильям Уэвелл. Этот английский философ и историк науки родился в 1794 году, то есть жил и умер относительно недавно. Считается, что в 1830-е годы именно он придумал термины «наука» и «ученый», которыми мы сегодня ежедневно пользуемся. Безусловно, до этого момента в мире было много математиков, физиков, химиков и так далее, но объединяющего их слова не существовало.

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Английский философ Уильям Уэвелл

Вопрос о необходимости создания такого слова был поднят анонимным автором рецензии на книгу «О связи физических наук» шотландской специалистки по математике и астрономии Мэри Сомервилль. В рецензии говорилось, что между химиками, физиками, астрономами и так далее теряется единство, и это нужно исправить.

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Шотландская популяризатор науки Мэри Сомервилль

Упомянутый выше Уильям Уэвелл предложил назвать сферу деятельности всех этих людей «наукой», а их самих — «учеными». Многим людям такие термины показались слишком неуклюжими, поэтому их пытались заменить синонимами, но все они либо уже означали что- то другое, либо звучали еще хуже. Чтобы придуманные Уильямом Уэвэллом слова прижились, потребовалась почти сотня лет. Слово «ученый» стало повсеместно использоваться для обозначения человека, занимающегося научными исследованиями, только после окончания Второй мировой войны в 1945 году.

Читайте также: Кто открыл гравитацию — Исаак Ньютон или Леонардо да Винчи?

Самый первый ученый в мире

В конечном итоге получается, что первым человеком, которого можно назвать ученым в современном понимании этого слова, является Уильям Уэвелл. Но ведь он далеко не первый человек, который занялся научными исследованиями — он даже не совершил особо значимых для человечества открытий. Кто же был первым, ученым, если иметь в виду проведение научных работ?

Кем был Фрэнсис Бэкон

Труд большинства ученых можно описать как выдвижение гипотез, выполнение их проверок, оглашение выводов и выдвижение новых гипотез. Первым ученым, который описал такой метод исследования окружающего мира, был английский философ Фрэнсис Бэкон. Но он, как и Уильям Уэвелл, только дал описание того, что уже давно существовало. Ведь проверкой разных гипотез путем проведения экспериментов ранее занимались и другие ученые, в том числе и всем известные Галилей, Исаак Ньютон и так далее.

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Английский философ Фрэнсис Бэкон

Научные открытия Хасана Ибн аль-Хайсама

Но самым первым экспериментатором в мире, по мнению большинства современных исследователей, был арабский ученый-универсал Хасан Ибн аль-Хайсам. Он родился примерно в 965 году нашей эры на территории современного Ирака и изучал алгебру, химию, астрономию и другие области науки. Считается, что ему перу принадлежит первое упоминание галактики Андромеда, которая находится на расстоянии 2,5 миллионов световых лет от нас.

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Арабский ученый Хасан Ибн аль-Хайсам

Считается, что Хасан Ибн аль-Хайсам на несколько столетий опередил Исаака Ньютона в области оптики, разделив свет на составляющие его цвета, и тем самым открыл законы преломления. Также он научным путем доказал, что люди не излучают свет из глаз, чтобы видеть окружающий мир. Наконец, он тщательно изучил лунные и солнечные затмения и описал движения Луны по ночному небу.

Вам будет интересно: Как Исаак Ньютон понял, что конец света произойдет в 2060 году

Самый древний ученый Фалес Милетский

Но даже Хасан Ибн аль-Хайсам не является самым первым ученым в мире. Скорее всего, это звание принадлежит древнегреческому деятелю Фалесу Милетскому, который жил в начале 6 века до нашей эры — во времена Аристотеля он уже был легендарной личностью.

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Древнегреческий философ и математик Фалес Милетский

Считается, что именно он был первым человеком, который начал заниматься философией и математикой. Даже древнегреческий историк Геродот, который жил спустя столетие после смерти Фалеса Милетского, упоминал одно из его главных достижений — неизвестно каким образом, но он правильно предсказал солнечное затмение 28 мая 585 года до нашей эры.

Еще больше интересных статей вы обязательно найдете в нашем Дзен-канале. С нами уже более 100 тысяч человек, присоединяйтесь и вы!

Больше всего самых влиятельных научных открытий совершили более современные ученые. Подробно о них мы рассказали в статье «5 самых великих ученых в истории человечества».

Источник

24.11.2023
11 3 minutes read
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19.10.2023

Как обычный арбуз может довести человека до больничной койки — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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10.04.2024

Как зима влияет на наше самочувствие и поведение? — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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20.12.2023

Почему многие люди просыпаются в 3 часа утра и не могут уснуть — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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30.12.2023
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