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Из чего состоит хлеб, испеченный в домашних условиях? В его состав входят только мука, вода, закваска или дрожжи, а также некоторое количество соли. Но ингредиенты хлеба могут различаться в зависимости от его вида. Сегодня в магазинах можно купить буханку белого, бородинского, цельнозернового, ржаного и многих других видов хлеба. Если обратить внимание на состав хлеба на этикетке, можно обратить внимание, что в них добавляются консерванты и другие сомнительные вещества. Например, в составе можно обнаружить пугающие надписи вроде Е300 или Е920. Для чего нужны эти ингредиенты и могут ли они нанести вред нашему здоровью?
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Чтобы испечь вкусный хлеб, достаточно муки, воды и дрожжей, но производители усложняют состав. Источник изображения: goodfon.ru
Содержание
- 1 Из чего делают хлеб
- 2 Улучшители в хлебе
- 3 Красители в составе хлеба
- 4 Консерванты в хлебе
- 5 Вреден ли хлеб для здоровья
- 6 Как выбрать свежий хлеб
Из чего делают хлеб
Хлеб, приготовленный по традиционным рецептам из качественных ингредиентов, не нуждается в дополнительных добавках. Хорошая мука, дрожжи или закваска – это все, что нужно для создания вкусного и питательного продукта.
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Ученые полагают, что хлеб начали выпекать примерно 6000–6500 лет назад в Древнем Египте и Месопотамии. Источник фотографии: agraryplus.ru
Однако на полках магазинов мы часто встречаем хлеб с длинным списком вспомогательных ингредиентов. Почему же производители их добавляют? По словам экспертов из Роскачества, в некоторых случаях наличие новых ингредиентов вполне оправдано. Например, они могут помочь увеличить срок хранения или улучшить внешний вид изделия.
Улучшители в хлебе
Очень часто в магазинных хлеб добавляют улучшители. Так называются специальные добавки, которые помогают сделать хлеб более качественным, особенно если мука не идеально подходит для выпечки.
Если у муки слабая или слишком крепкая клейковина (белок, который образуется при промывании замешанного теста), хлеб может получиться с трещинами или потерять форму. Чтобы избежать этих проблем, в тесто добавляют улучшители, которые делают хлеб пышным и аккуратным.
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Улучшители хлеба могут сделать продукт красивым, даже если производитель использует не лучшее сырье. Источник фотографии: agroo-vesti.ru
Существуют разные улучшители, каждый из которых выполняет разную функцию. Например, улучшители окислительного действия, такие как Е300 (аскорбиновая кислота) или Е930 (пероксид кальция), помогают исправить форму хлеба и предотвратить его расплывчатость. Другие улучшители, такие как Е920 (L-цистеин), помогают улучшить качество изделий из муки с крепкой клейковиной. Существуют также вещества, которые ускоряют химические реакции в тесте, но они не остаются в конечном продукте, поэтому на этикетках о них ничего не говорится.
Красители в составе хлеба
По данным Роскачества, при производстве хлеба использование красителей запрещено. Но есть исключение в виде солодового хлеба. Для придания ему более насыщенного цвета, производителям разрешено использовать краситель Е150, который также известен как сахарный колер или жженый сахар. Этот натуральный краситель получают путем нагревания сахара.
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Солодовый хлеб изготавливают с добавлением солода — пророщенного и высушенного зерна, который придает хлебу особый вкус и насыщенный цвет. Источник фотографии: dolce-style.ru
Е150 прекрасно подходит для хлеба, так как он хорошо переносит воздействие высоких температур и кислотности, которые возникают во время выпечки. Благодаря этому, солодовый хлеб приобретает аппетитный темный оттенок, оставаясь при этом безопасным и даже полезным для нашего здоровья.
Об этом должны знать все: Продукты с какими пищевыми добавками категорически нельзя покупать?
Консерванты в хлебе
Консерванты в хлебе встречаются редко, потому что их использование строго регулируется. Они могут в незначительном количестве содержаться только в хлебобулочных изделиях, которые предназначены для длительного хранения. Речь идет о всевозможных кексах, печенье, пряниках, вафлях и так далее.
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Консерванты добавляются только в продукты, которые должны храниться дольше обычного. Источник фотографии: newsib.net
Среди разрешенных консервантов можно выделить несколько наиболее популярных. Например, Е280 (пропионовая кислота) помогает бороться с развитием плесени, а Е200 (сорбиновая кислота) и Е260 (уксусная кислота) предотвращает рост микробов. Все эти добавки помогают сохранить свежесть продуктов, которые подолгу остаются на полках магазинов.
Вреден ли хлеб для здоровья
В конечном итоге получается, что добавки вроде улучшителей и консервантов, используются в хлебе для улучшения его качества, продления срока годности и упрощения технологии производства. Они помогают сделать хлеб более пышным, улучшить его структуру и предотвратить быстрое черствение.
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Чрезмерное употребление хлеба, как и любого другого продукта, может навредить здоровью. Источник фотографии: fb.ru
При этом добавки в хлебе применяются в минимальных количествах, которые считаются безопасными для здоровья. Но важно помнить, что чрезмерное потребление хлеба, даже без добавок, может привести к избыточному потреблению калорий и углеводов, что может негативно сказаться на общем состоянии здоровья.
Вам будет интересно: Почему бородинский хлеб так называется — самые популярные версии
Как выбрать свежий хлеб
Чтобы выбрать качественный хлеб, в первую очередь нужно обратить внимание на его внешний вид, а потом — на информацию на упаковке. Хороший хлеб должен быть правильной формы, без трещин и дефектов. При легком надавливании буханка должна восстанавливать свою форму. Внутри мякиш должен быть однородным и не слишком крошиться. Если на этикетке указаны только основные ингредиенты без большого количества добавок, это тоже хороший знак.
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Свежий хлеб сохраняет больше питательных веществ и витаминов, чем старый, и обладает мягкой текстурой и ароматом, который приносит удовольствие при каждом укусе. Источник фотографии: dairynews.ru
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Если вам интересно узнать больше о хлебе, прочитайте нашу статью «Новый сорт муки, из которого пекут полезный хлеб — из чего он состоит?», где мы рассказали о современных ингредиентах, которые делают хлеб не только вкусным, но и полезным.
