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Задумывались ли вы когда-нибудь о том, почему мы не чихаем во время сна? Попробуйте вспомнить, случалось ли вам когда-либо просыпаться от громкого чиха посреди ночи? Скорее всего, нет. Многие ученые, работающие в области изучения сна, считают, что чихнуть во время ночного отдыха практически невозможно. Хотя серьезных научных исследований на эту тему не проводилось, физиологи и нейробиологи смогли объяснить это явление, основываясь на том, как работает наш мозг и тело, когда мы спим. Давайте попробуем разобраться, почему так происходит.

Почему мы не чихаем когда спим - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Может, мы все-таки чихаем во сне, и просто не помним об этом? Источник изображения: Times Union

Содержание

  • 1 Почему человек не может чихнуть во сне
    • 1.1 Ночью меньше раздражителей
    • 1.2 Нам мешает чихнуть сон
  • 2 Что происходит при медленном сне
  • 3 Что происходит при быстром сне

Почему человек не может чихнуть во сне

По данным Popular Science, когда мы спим, наше тело работает совершенно иначе, чем в бодрствующем состоянии. Чихание — это рефлекс, который обычно возникает в ответ на раздражители, такие как пыль или аллергены. Однако, когда мы спим, ответа на разного рода раздражители будто бы не возникает. Исследователь сна Стивен Ши (Steven Shea) отметил, что ему доводилось наблюдать за сотнями спящих людей, и он ни разу не видел, чтобы они чихали.

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Люди могут храпеть во сне, а вот чихать — нет. Источник изображения: mir24.tv

Он даже не видел, чтобы во время сна кто-нибудь кашлял. Однажды он работал с мальчиком, который из-за хронической болезни днем кашлял каждые 10–15 секунд. Но как только мальчик засыпал, кашель исчезал. Его мозг словно «отключал» этот рефлекс во сне. Каждый раз, когда мальчик просыпался, кашель возвращался, но снова исчезал, когда он снова погружался в сон.

Эта история наводит на мысль, что наш мозг во время сна как бы «приглушает» рефлексы, включая чихание и кашель, позволяя нам спокойно отдыхать. Скорее всего, мы не чихаем и не кашляем во время сна по нескольким причинам.

Читайте также: Что происходит в нашем организме, когда мы чихаем — это сложный и важный процесс

Ночью меньше раздражителей

Одна из главных причин, почему мы не чихаем во сне, заключается в том, что ночью вокруг нас меньше раздражителей. Когда мы спим, рядом нет людей или домашних животных, которые могли бы поднимать пыль.

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Ночью ничего не происходит, поэтому раздражителей минимум. Источник изображения: Mix News

Также ночью не работает фотический рефлекс — явление, когда нам хочется чихнуть от яркого света — темнота в комнате не даст этому сработать. Все эти факторы снижают вероятность того, что что-то вызовет чихание во время ночного отдыха.

Нам мешает чихнуть сон

Более глубокая причина того, что мы не чихаем во сне, заключается в блокировке части наших рефлексов.

В течение ночи мы пребываем в двух режимах сна, быстром и медленном. Быстрый сон, во время которого наши глаза хаотично движутся под веками, занимает примерно 25% времени, и именно в этот период мы видим самые яркие сны. Все остальное время занимает медленный сон, во время которого мы отдыхаем по-настоящему и многие процессы внутри нашего организма находятся в полноценном спящем режиме.

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Во время быстрого сна наши глаза хаотично движутся под веками. Источник изображения: The Filipino Times

Эти два состояния по-разному влияют на то, почему мы не чихаем во время сна.

Что происходит при медленном сне

В медленном сне, особенно в его глубокой фазе, наш мозг активно фильтрует внешние раздражители. Например, легкое прикосновение к руке во время медленного сна не вызывает такой сильной реакции мозга, как в состоянии бодрствования. Это было доказано в ходе научных экспериментов: мозг спящего человека проявляет гораздо меньше активности, чем у бодрствующего при таком же раздражении. Именно поэтому иногда, чтобы разбудить человека, приходится сильно его трясти.

В глубокой фазе сна таламус и кора головного мозга, отвечающие за обработку сенсорных сигналов, работают вместе, подавляя внешние раздражители. Этот процесс не полностью блокирует все сигналы, но значительно затрудняет их проникновение в мозг.

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Во время сна мозг человека активно блокирует сигналы о раздражителях. Источник изображения: stock.adobe.com

Однако, если раздражитель достаточно силен — например, если человек ощущает запах дыма или приступ апноэ — мозг моментально реагирует и выводит нас из сна. То же самое могло бы произойти, если бы нечто действительно сильное заставило нас чихнуть. Мы бы проснулись и только тогда чихнули.

Вам будет интересно: Почему люди не слышат собственный храп

Что происходит при быстром сне

В быстрой фазе сна работает другой механизм. Во время этого состояния наш мозг «отключает» тело, чтобы мы не начали двигаться в ответ на происходящее в наших снах. Чихание — это сложная координированная работа мышц, но во время быстрого сна многие из наших мышц практически парализованы. Поэтому, даже если что-то могло бы вызвать чихание, сделать это во сне практически невозможно из-за блокировки мышечных движений.

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Из-за «отключения» тела возникает пугающее явление — сонный паралич. Источник изображения: Man Today

В конечном итоге получается, что во время сна мы не можем чихнуть по трем причинам. Во-первых, ночью наши органы чувств мало что раздражает. Во-вторых, в глубоком сне мы меньше реагируем на раздражители, потому что их блокирует мозг. В-третьих, в быстром многие наши мышцы парализованы. Если мы и чихаем во сне, то это происходит в период кратковременных пробуждений.

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Человек может чихнуть, только если внезапно проснется. Источник изображения: Health Day

При этом важно отметить, что некоторые ученые все же считают, что во время сна мы чихаем. Например, исследователь Мэтт Джеймс (Matt James) уверен, что по ночам мы чихаем, просто не замечаем этого или забываем. Но верится в это с трудом — доводилось ли вам когда-нибудь видеть крепко спящего человека, который чихает? Вряд ли.

Хотите оставить комментарий, но не знаете как это сделать? Такая возможность есть в наших каналах в Дзен и Telegram. Ну и конечно же, как без нашего Telegram-чата!

Напоследок стоит отметить, что при желании чихнуть, нельзя себя сдерживать. Это может быть смертельно опасно.

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