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Одним из самых мощных ураганов в современной истории считается Изабель, который образовался в бассейне Атлантического океана в 2003 году. Спустя несколько дней после формирования, сильные ветры обрушились на американский штат Северная Каролина и стали причиной серьезных разрушений и гибели людей. Скорость ветра при урагане Изабель достигала 270 километров в час — вся эта мощь размыла часть острова Хаттерас. В штате Северная Каролина и соседствующим с ней штатом Виргиния было зарегистрировано 64% разрушений и 68% смертельных случаев. В 21 веке ураганы происходят не чаще обычного, но с каждым разом они становятся мощнее. Исходя из этого, недавно ученые предложили оценивать их интенсивность и продолжительность ветров не по 5-балльной, а по 6-балльной шкале.

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Некоторым современным ураганам можно дать 6 категорию мощности, но такой не существует

Содержание

  • 1 Как оценивается мощность ураганов
  • 2 Какие бывают категории ураганов
    • 2.1 Ураганы 1 категории
    • 2.2 Ураганы 2 категории
    • 2.3 Ураганы 3 категории
    • 2.4 Ураганы 4 категории
    • 2.5 Ураганы 5 категории
  • 3 Новая категория ураганов
  • 4 Из-за чего возникают ураганы

Как оценивается мощность ураганов

Для оценивания мощности ураганов в 1971 году была разработана шкала Саффира — Симпсона. Ее придумали инженер-строитель Герберт Саффир и метеоролог Роберт Симпсон, но до 1974 года она не была распространена.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Наглядная шкала Саффира — Симпсона

Эта шкала делит ураганы на пять разных категорий, в зависимости от скорости ветра. Стихийные бедствия до третьей категории считаются сильными ураганами, а если им дана категория 4 или 5 — это уже супертайфуны.

Какие бывают категории ураганов

Ураганы каждой категории наносят разные разрушения.

Ураганы 1 категории

К этой категории ураганов относятся ветры, скорость которых составляет от 119 до 153 километров в час. Как правило, они не могут нанести серьезный вред хорошо построенным зданиям. Но они вполне способны нанести урон домам без фундамента, сорвать плохо закрепленную черепицу и повалить слабые деревья. Иногда даже ураганы 1 категории становятся причиной гибели людей и перебоев в электричестве длительностью в несколько дней.

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Последствия урагана Джулия 2022 года, которой была дана 1 категория

Ураганы 2 категории

К ураганам 2 категории относятся те, скорость ветра при которых составляет от 154 до 177 километров в час. Иногда при таких ураганах у домов выбивает двери и окна, а деревья срывает с корнем. Помимо перебоев в электросетях, возможны проблемы с питьевой водой, которые тоже способны длиться по несколько дней.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Последствия урагана Салли в 2022 году, которой дали 2 категорию мощности

Читайте также: Что происходит с морскими животными во время урагана

Ураганы 3 категории

Ураганы 3 категории это те, при которых скорость ветра составляет от 178 до 208 километров в час. Они повреждают даже крепкие жилые дома, вырывают деревья и полностью разрушают построенные на побережьях постройки. При настолько мощных ураганах свет почти всегда выключается, порой на срок до нескольких недель. Также возможны проблемы с водой из-за ее загрязнения.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Последствия урагана Отто в 2016 году, мощность которой была оценена на 3 категорию

Ураганы 4 категории

Ураганы категории 4 характеризуются ветром со скоростью от 209 до 251 километров в час. При таких стихийных бедствиях в целостности не остается практически ничего. Если ураган затрагивает побережье, наводнения могут достичь даже отдаленных городов.

Самым известным стихийным бедствием 4 категории является Галвестонский ураган. Он обрушился на Техас в 1900 году и стал причиной смерти до 12 тысяч человек.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Последствия Галвестонского урагана в 1900 году

Ураганы 5 категории

На сегодняшний день самыми мощными ураганами считаются те, при которых скорость ветра превышает 252 километра в час. Такие стихийные бедствия приводят к катастрофам, которые включают сотни полностью разрушенных зданий и тысячи погибших людей.

Пятая категория была дана урагану Дориан, который возник у восточного побережья США в 2019 году. В некоторых случаях скорость ветра превышала 354 километра в час, то есть она побила все рекорды. Во время этой катастрофы умерло около 84 человек, а нанесенный ущерб был оценен в 6,5 миллиардов долларов.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Последствия урагана Дориан в 2019 году

Новая категория ураганов

Ураган Дориан, а также еще несколько стихийных бедствий показали, что скорость ветра может значительно превышать отметку в 252 километра в час, которая установлена 5 категорией. За последнее десятилетие как минимум пять ураганов достигли мощности, которой вполне можно было бы дать «категорию 6», поэтому ученые всерьез задумываются о расширении шкалы Саффира — Симпсона.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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На графике показано, как повышается скорость ветра ураганов

На границе Земли и космоса произошел ураган. Это совершенно новое явление

Из-за чего возникают ураганы

Ураганы образуются над теплыми океанскими водами, где влажный воздух поднимается вверх и образует облака. Этот воздух начинает вращаться из-за влияния Земли, образуя центральный каркас урагана, который в научной среде называется «глазом». Ветры вокруг этого глаза усиливаются и образуют характерное кольцо облаков и, когда скорость ветра достигает скорости более 119 километров в час, ураган считается сформировавшимся.

Современные ураганы настолько сильны, что ученые готовы дать им новую категорию мощности - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Ураганы всегда образуются над океанами

Считается, что в будущем ураганы будут становиться все мощнее из-за глобального потепления, и это заметно уже несколько лет подряд. Так что, не исключено, что планы по добавлению 6 категории в шкалу мощности ураганов, будут осуществлены.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Так вы не пропустите ничего интересного!

О том, что в будущем ураганы станут еще мощнее, мой коллега Андрей Жуков уже рассказывал несколько лет назад в статье «Ураган Ида предвестник непредсказуемых катастроф, вызванных глобальным потеплением?». Обязательно к прочтению!

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