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Ранее мы неоднократно рассказывали о том, что в древние времена папирусы и другие письменные материалы были очень дорогими. Это заставляло писцов удалять старые тексты и поверх них писать новые. Такие переработанные манускрипты называются палимпсестами. Из-за повторного использования письменных материалов, было утеряно много ценных рукописей. Но, к счастью, современные технологии позволяют восстановить эти тексты. В настоящее время в рамках проекта “Синайские палимпсесты” ученые восстанавливают удаленные церковные тексты, в том числе среди рукописей библиотеки Ватикана. Во время этой работы, ученые обнаружили новый фрагмент древнесирийского перевода Библии, возраст которого составляет 1750 лет.

В библиотеке Ватикана обнаружен утерянный фрагмент перевода Библии - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Ученые обнаружили неизвестный древний перевод Библии

Технология восстановления палимпсестов

В античные и средние века в пустыне пергамента было мало, поэтому он был очень дорогим. Поэтому писцам часто приходилось жертвовать старыми текстами. Как правило, они промывали рукописи или даже соскабливали, а затем писали новый текст, который, по их мнению, был более ценным. Надо сказать, что в XIX веке некоторые палимпсесты пытались восстановить, но обычно это не приводило к положительному результату. Фактически все эти попытки только усложнили задачу современным ученым. Подобная ситуация, например, произошла с текстом Птолемея, о котором мы не так давно рассказывали. Но даже его в итоге удалось расшифровать.

Для восстановления удаленных текстов, ученые используют мультиспектральную визуализацию. То есть просвечивают манускрипт световыми волнами разной длины, и фотографируют. При определенной длине волны, чернила начинают отражать свет, благодаря чему удаленная рукопись проявляется, при этом тексты, написанные другими чернилами поверх нее, не видны.

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Ученые восстановили удаленный текст, просветив его ультрафиолетовыми лучами

Потерянный перевод Библии

Ученые из Австрийской академии наук при помощи данной технологии уже восстановили 74 рукописи. Но особенно ценной оказалась последняя находка. Исследователи идентифицировали в ней самый ранний сирийский перевод Нового Завета. Он оказался на 100 лет старше самого древнего греческого перевода. Текст был спрятан внутри более позднего перевода Евангелия от Матфея.

Как сообщают исследователи, обнаруженный ими текст был написан в третьем веке. Около 1300 лет назад писец в Палестине взял Евангелие, исписанное сирийским текстом, и по какой-то причине стер его. Надо сказать, что до последнего момента было известно лишь о двух рукописях древнесирийского перевода Евангелия.

Как сообщают авторы исследования, впоследствии новый текст, то есть написанный поверх древнесирийского переводы, был опять стерт, а затем еще раз переписан. В итоге рукопись содержала три слоя текста. Но, к счастью исследователей, первый слой оказался разборчивым, что позволило его полностью расшифровать.

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Текст Библии написан на древнесирийском языке

Как выяснилось, сирийский перевод содержит больше деталей 12-й главы от Матфея, чем греческий перевод. Однако серьезных расхождений между текстами все же нет. То есть суть повествований в обоих вариантах не различается.

Фрагмент является частью самой ранней в истории текстовой переписи Евангелия. В настоящее время полный текст перевода еще не опубликован, однако в скором времени он обязательно появится.

Как ученые восстановили древний текст

Проявить удаленный древний текст недостаточно, чтобы восстановить его. Требуется также глубокое знание особенностей древней сирийской письменности и текстов. За расшифровку библейского текста отвечал Григорий Кессель, сотрудник Австрийской академии наук.

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Автор исследования Григорий Кессель

Как говорят сами авторы, данное исследование доказывает, насколько эффективным может быть комбинация современных технологий и фундаментальных знаний при расшифровке древних рукописей.

Переходите по ссылке на наш ДЗЕН КАНАЛ. Мы подготовили для вас множество интересных, захватывающих материалов посвященных науке.

Напоследок напомним, что в последнее время ученые нашли подтверждение некоторым событиям, описанным в Библии. В частности, археологи выяснили, что рудники царя Соломона не были вымыслом. Более того, даже уничтожение городов Содома и Гоморры оказалось историческим фактом. Подробнее об этом читайте по ссылке.

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