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Если вы хотя бы раз смотрели фильм «Властелин колец», но наверняка помните про народ энтов, живущих в Средиземье. Они представляют собой деревья с глазами и ртом, которые способны перемещаться по земле своими сильными ногами. Казалось бы, это просто фантастические существа, которые были придуманы писателем Джоном Толкином. На самом же деле, ходячие деревья существуют в реальности, правда они не имеют глаз и не способны разговаривать. Эти удивительные растения, которые способны преодолевать до 20 метров в год, произрастают в Южной Америке. Чтобы посмотреть на них, туристам приходится преодолевать долгий путь с массой препятствий, но все эти трудности стоят того.

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В тропических лесах есть пальмы, которые способны ходить при помощи своих «ног»

Содержание

  • 1 Ходячие деревья в Эквадоре
  • 2 Как движется ходячая пальма
  • 3 Тайна ходячих деревьев в тропиках
  • 4 Где растут ходячие деревья

Ходячие деревья в Эквадоре

Ходячими деревьями называются пальмы вида Socratea exorrhiza. Они растут в тропических лесах Центральной и Южной Америки, и особенно много их в Эквадоре. Высота этих пальм может достигать 25 метров, а диаметр ствола равняться 16 сантиметрам. То есть, это высокие, но при этом тонкие деревья с широкими ветками со множеством листьев.

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Лес с ходячими пальмами. Источник фотографии: fishki.net

Самой необычной частью пальмы Socratea exorrhiza являются ее корни. Они у нее открыты, поэтому дерево будто бы стоит на множестве ножек. Корни впиваются в землю под небольшим углом, поэтому они образуют из себя нечто похожее на шалаш.

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Корни ходячих деревьев. Источник фотографии: unbelievable-facts.com

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Как движется ходячая пальма

Именно благодаря этим ножкам ходячие деревья и перемещаются по земле, причем весьма быстро. За один день пальма может преодолеть около 3-4 сантиметров, что для растения очень большое расстояние — наверное, в мире больше нет деревьев, которые могли бы похвастаться такой особенностью. Всего за несколько месяцев пальма может отойти от своего изначального местоположения на несколько метров, поэтому тропические леса с этими деревьями постоянно меняются. И в них наверняка очень просто заблудиться без компаса.

В тропиках растут ходячие деревья, которые преодолевают по 20 метров в год - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Корни ходячих деревьев похожи на шалаш. Источник изображения: unbelievable-facts.com

Пальмы перемещаются по земле очень просто, им даже не нужно двигать своими корнями. Корни дерева расположены по окружности, и некоторые отростки со временем гниют и отделяются от ствола. Вместо них, рядом или с противоположной стороны, растут новые — за положением корней движется все дерево. Наблюдения показывают, что этот процесс происходит каждый день, то есть тропические пальмы находятся в движении постоянно.

В деревьях Австралии содержится золото. Как такое возможно?

Тайна ходячих деревьев в тропиках

От чего же «бегут» эти деревья? Несмотря на то, что ученые знают о существовании ходячих пальм уже более 100 лет, причина их постоянного движения науке до сих пор неизвестна. Но существует несколько интересных предположений.

В 1961 году было выдвинуто предположение, что способность перемещаться по земле позволяет пальмам выживать в болотистых местностях тропических лесов. Когда в одном месте становится слишком влажно, они движутся в более сухое место, чтобы не утонуть. Должно быть, это происходило на протяжении тысяч лет, и за это время деревья научились двигаться максимально быстро безо всяких «раздумий». Версия звучит правдоподобно, но ученым до сих пор не удалось найти этому доказательство.

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Ходячие пальмы пытаются выжить в болотистой местности. Источник фотографии: ecuadorforestofclouds.org

В 1980 году исследователи предположили, что при помощи своих корней деревья выпрямляются в случае падения. Допустим, если на пальму упало соседнее дерево, она отращивает прямые корни и снова встает «на ноги», а старые корни сгнивают. Эта версия тоже звучит интересно, но научных подтверждений этому тоже не существует.

Наконец, существует гипотеза о том, что деревья постоянно движутся в поиске плодородной почвы. Когда земля на месте произрастания пальмы истощается, умное растение перемещается в сторону, чтобы найти новый источник питательных веществ. Старые корни остаются на «мертвой» земле, а новые тянутся к «живой». Опять же, убедительных доказательств этому нет.

Читайте также: Обнаружено самое древнее дерево на Земле — оно растет уже более 5000 лет

Где растут ходячие деревья

Лес с ходячими деревьями является очень популярным местом среди туристов. Чтобы добраться до него, необходимо прилететь в Эквадор, а потом ехать на автомобиле. После этого туристы несколько часов плывут на лодке, а в конце маршрута идут пешком. Конечной точкой путешествия является заповедник Сумако, где и растут удивительные деревья.

В тропиках растут ходячие деревья, которые преодолевают по 20 метров в год - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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