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За всю свою долгую историю человечество породило огромное количество великих людей. Многие из них жили много тысяч лет назад, поэтому подробности об их жизни мы можем узнать, только изучая исторические документы. Несмотря на исследования, которые ведут археологи и другие специалисты, мы до сих пор не знаем многих важных фактов. Например, нам до сих пор неизвестно, где находятся могилы царицы Клеопатры, царя Александра Македонского и монгольского правителя Чингисхана. Тем более много чего нам неизвестно о Платоне — древнегреческом философе, который жил задолго до появления перечисленных личностей. Его биография известна нам из писаний его ученика Аристотеля и других философов. Известно, что Платон умер в 347 году до нашей эры в Афинах и был похоронен на территории собственной философской школы, Академии. Недавно ученым удалось восстановить старинный документ и узнать точное местоположение его могилы.

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Новые технологии помогли найти место захоронения Платона. Источник картинки: factroom.ru

Содержание

  • 1 Древние свитки в Помпеях и Геркулануме
  • 2 Расшифровка древних текстов
  • 3 Новые сведения о биографии Платона
  • 4 Где похоронен Платон

Древние свитки в Помпеях и Геркулануме

Подробности о месте захоронения Платона удалось узнать после восстановления свитка, который в очень поврежденном состоянии был найден в Геркулануме. Этот древнеримский город в 79 году нашей эры был уничтожен под горячими потоками лавы извергающегося вулкана Везувий. Помимо него с лица Земли были стерты другие поселения, в том числе и великий город Помпеи.

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Руины города Геркуланум. Источник фотографии: Shutterstock/FOTODOM

Найденный учеными свиток, сильно обгоревший во время катастрофы, содержит писания Филодема из Гадары — древнегреческого философа, который учился у Зенона Сидонского в Афинах. Он жил с 110 по 40 год до нашей эры и некоторую часть своей жизни провел в Геркулануме. Из-за почернения написанный текст было невозможно прочитать, но недавно содержание удалось раскрыть при помощи высоких технологий.

Читайте также: Студенты расшифровали текст на бумаге времен извержения Везувия — что там написано?

Расшифровка древних текстов

Чтобы прочитать текст, написанный Филодемом из Гадары тысячи лет назад, ученым пришлось использовать целый ряд технологий сканирования. В первую очередь они использовали инфракрасную и ультрафиолетовую оптическую визуализацию, которые позволяют видеть вещи, которые кажутся невидимыми при обычном свете. Также они использовали молекулярную и элементную визуализацию, которые позволяют изучать самые мельчайшие частицы в объектах.

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Древний свиток, расшифровкой которого занимаются ученые. Источник фотографии: iflscience.com

Благодаря такому разностороннему подходу исследователям удалось расшифровать в древнем тексте около 1000 слов — это примерно 30% всего текста. Древний документ не был полностью расшифрован, но и этого достижения хватило для того, чтобы узнать утерянные подробности о жизни Платона. Текст рассказал, где именно находился философ в рабстве, а также где он был похоронен.

Ученые нашли место, где похоронен древний философ Платон - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Процесс сканирования обгоревшего свитка. Источник фотографии: iflscience.com

Новые сведения о биографии Платона

Согласно древнему документу, философ Платон попал в рабство в 404 году до нашей эры после вторжения спартанцев. Также есть версия, что он стал рабом после смерти Сократа в 399 году до нашей эры. Будучи в неволе, он находился на острове Эгина, который по сей день принадлежит Греции. Для ученых это было крайне неожиданным открытием, потому что ранее они были уверены, что Платон очутился в рабстве в 387 году до нашей эры и находился на острове Сицилия. Какой из версий теперь верить — неясно, и биография философа стала еще более запутанной.

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От чего умер платон неизвестно, потому что в те времена не велись медицинские записи о смерти. Источник фотографии: thoughtco.com

Где похоронен Платон

Что касается места его захоронения, ученые уже давно знали, что могила находится где-то на территории его Академии. Этот религиозно-философский союз находился рядом с Афинами, но исследователи не знают, где именно. Если когда-нибудь руины этого места будут найдены, могилу философа придется искать в частном саду рядом со святилищем, посвященным музам.

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Археологическая находка на месте Платоновской Академии. Источник фотографии: Википедия, пользователь Tomisti

Вдобавок ко всему этому в древнем тексте ученые нашли фрагменты, в котором говорится о презрении Платона к некоему музыканту-варвару из Фракии. Ученые хотят расшифровать древний свиток из Геркуланума полностью, но для этого понадобится время — работу они планируют закончить примерно к 2026 году.

А вы в курсе, что у нас есть чат в Telegram? Там вы можете общаться с другими читателями и даже участвовать в научных викторинах!

В начале статьи мы упомянули, что ученые все еще не нашли могилы трех важных исторических личностей. Каждому из них мы посвятили отдельные статьи. Прямо сейчас вы можете узнать, почему археологи все еще не нашли гробницу Клеопатры, а также узнать о возможном местоположении гробницы Александра Македонского. Также читайте про то, где может находиться могила Чингисхана.

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