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Люди, которые жили в Советском Союзе или хотя бы немного застали эту эпоху, хорошо помнят молоко в пакетах в виде пирамидок. Оно стало одним из символов той эпохи, так как появилось в далеком 1959 году и оставалось на прилавках магазинов вплоть до конца 80-х годов. В те времена эти упаковки так и называли — “пирамидками” или “треугольничками”. Еще с советских времен существовало много версий того, почему молоко стали разливать в пакеты именно этой формы, однако истинная причина известна далеко не всем.
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Молоко в треугольных пакетах стало одним из символов СССР
Содержание
- 1 Как возникла картонная упаковка для молока в СССР
- 2 Как создавались треугольные пакеты с молоком
- 3 Советские мифы о треугольных пакетах с молоком
- 4 Почему от треугольных пакетов отказались
Как возникла картонная упаковка для молока в СССР
До 1959 года картонных упаковок не существовало. Молоко разливали либо в стеклянные бутылки, либо продавали на разлив из больших бидонов. Однако оба варианта имели свои недостатки — молоко из бидонов быстро скисало или даже изначально продавалось уже скисшим. Молоко в стеклянных бутылках хранилось долго, однако стоило гораздо дороже.
Кроме того, стеклянная тара была не практичной из-за хрупкости стекла. А самое главное — к концу 50-х годов Советский Союз столкнулся с дефицитом стеклянных бутылок. Поэтому возникла потребность в дешевой и практичной упаковке, которая позволяла бы молоку храниться так же долго, как и в бутылках.
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Рубен Раусинг, основатель компании Тетра Пак
К этому моменту в мире уже существовали картонные упаковки в форме тетраэдра — их выпускала шведская компания Тетра Пак, основанная в 1951 году Рубеном Раусингом. Согласно одной версии, «пирамидки» придумал сам Раусинг, согласно другой версии — идея принадлежала лаборанту “Тетра Пака” Эрику Валленбергу. Но, как бы там ни было, упаковка “Тетра Классик” (так назывались «пирамидки») поступила в производство в 1952 году. Даже название фирмы “Tetra Pak” является сокращением фразы “тетраэдрическая упаковка”.
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Упаковки «Тетра Классик» образца 50-х годов
В конце 50-х годов Советский Союз купил технологию и несколько линий производства у Tetra Pak. К слову, популярная в настоящее время упаковка “Тетра Брик”, имеющая форму параллелепипеда, появилась гораздо позже — в 1963 году. Возможно, если бы СССР купил технологию на несколько лет позже, молоко выпускалось бы не в треугольных, а прямоугольных пакетах.
Как создавались треугольные пакеты с молоком
Компания Tetra Pak придумала не только тетраэдальную форму пакета, но и все остальные нюансы технологии, включая способ упаковывания жидкости в картон и герметизацию упаковки. Для этого инженеры припаяли к картону тонкий слой полиэтилена. В результате упаковка стала абсолютно влагостойкой.
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СССР закупил оборудование у Tetra Pack для выпуска молока в треугольных пакетах
Процесс упаковывания был предельно простым и дешевым. Лента из специального картона сворачивалась в трубу, в которую наливалось молоко. Затем специальный механизм штамповал вдоль трубы швы спайки под разными углами. Если бы швы располагались перпендикулярно трубе, пакеты были бы в форме подушек. Но, так как они располагались под прямым углом друг к другу, получался тетраэдр. Таким образом из трубы с молоком получалась лента из большого количества герметичных упаковок-пирамидок объемом 0,5 литра, готовых к продаже.
Надо сказать, что данная упаковка для молока была популярна не только в СССР, но и других странах. Разумеется, легендарный дизайн в виде белой упаковки с красными и синими треугольниками, а также надписью “молоко”, был уникальным, разработанным советскими дизайнерами. Этот дизайн знаком каждому, кто жил в Советском Союзе, ведь молоко, в отличие от советских деликатесов, покупали все.
Советские мифы о треугольных пакетах с молоком
Граждане СССР давали самые разные объяснения тетраэдальной форме пакетов. Многие считали, что их производство было связано с более высокой прочностью формы, устойчивостью и другими преимуществами. Существовали даже загадочные и мистические версии этой формы.
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В СССР ходили разные слухи относительно происхождения пакетов в форме пирамидок
Например, ходил слух, что создатель формы наткнулся на статью об удивительной энергии пирамид, которая обеспечивала свежесть продуктов в течение длительного времени. Но, как мы выяснили, на самом деле никакой мистики в этом не было.
Почему от треугольных пакетов отказались
В Европе от пакетов-тетраэдров быстро отказались, так как они занимали больше места при транспортировке, в результате чего ее стоимость увеличивалась. Один литр молока занимал почти в 2 раза больше места в грузовике. Новая же упаковка “Тетра Брик” была в этом плане гораздо практичнее.
Переходите по ссылке на наш ДЗЕН КАНАЛ. Мы подготовили для вас множество интересных, захватывающих материалов, посвященных науке.
В Советском же Союзе стоимость перевозки мало кого волновала, поэтому форма прижилась. Однако в конце 80-х начале 90-х годов, когда ситуация в стране стала меняться, молочные компании начали переходить на современные и практичные упаковки. В результате пирамидки ушли вместе с эпохой, как, например, легендарная советская колбаса. Была ли она на самом деле такой качественной, как сейчас принято считать, можете узнать по ссылке.
