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Одной из отличительных черт каждого человека является цвет глаз. Чаще всего глаза людей имеют карий, черный и зеленый оттенок, однако в мире встречаются мужчины и женщины с голубыми, желтыми и даже буро-желто-зелеными глазами. По расчетам ученых, примерно 10 000 лет назад глаза всех людей были карими, поэтому сегодня примерно у 50% населения Земли радужная оболочка глаза имеет именно такой цвет. Однако, в результате многочисленных мутаций, появились и другие оттенки глаз. В рамках данной статьи нас больше всего интересуют голубоглазые люди — о них можно рассказать много интересных фактов. Например, известно ли вам, что в солнечные дни людям с голубыми глазами необходимо носить солнцезащитные очки? А что вам известно об их общем предке?

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Голубоглазые люди являются уникальными, и сейчас вы в этом убедитесь сами

Факты о голубоглазых людях были опубликованы на сайте офтальмологической клиники в Окленде, Новая Зеландия. Мы упростили эту информацию и нашли их источники — люди с голубыми глазами действительно являются уникальными.

Содержание

  • 1 В глазах нет голубого красителя
  • 2 Голубые глаза чувствительны к яркому свету
  • 3 У голубоглазых людей есть общий предок
  • 4 Голубые глаза могут изменить цвет
  • 5 Люди с голубыми глазами склонны к алкоголизму

В глазах нет голубого красителя

Цвет глаз человека зависит от того, сколько меланина содержится в его радужной оболочке. Чем больше в радужной оболочке меланина, тем более коричневым будет цвет глаз. Следовательно, чем меньше меланина, тем глаза светлее. По данным Very Well Health никакой голубой «краски» внутри глаз не существует.

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Задняя часть радужной оболочки глаза почти всегда имеет коричневый цвет

Радужная оболочка глаза состоит из двух слоев. Практически у всех людей, даже голубоглазых, задний слой содержит коричневый пигмент. А передний слой состоит из перекрывающихся волокон и клеток. У людей с карими глазами некоторые клетки этого слоя также содержат коричневый краситель. У голубоглазых людей в переднем слое нет пигмента, поэтому волокна рассеивают лучи и глаза выглядят голубыми.

Если говорить коротко, люди имеют голубые глаза не из-за наличия у них особенной «краски», а просто из-за особенностей преломления света.

Читайте также: Из-за чего появляются «мушки» перед глазами и можно ли от них избавиться на 100%

Голубые глаза чувствительны к яркому свету

Содержащийся в глазах меланин защищает их от ультрафиолетового излучения. В голубых глазах этого пигмента меньше, чем в зеленых, карих и тем более черных глазах. Из-за этого голубоглазые люди могут сильнее остальных пострадать от яркого света, поэтому в солнечные дни им необходимо носить солнцезащитные очки.

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Голубоглазые люди меньше всего защищены от яркого света

У голубоглазых людей есть общий предок

Как и говорилось в начале статьи, когда-то давно у всех людей на Земле были карие глаза. Голубоглазые люди появились только 6000–10 000 лет назад. Это произошло после того, как у одного человека произошла мутация в гене OCA2, которая частично ограничивает выработку меланина в радужной оболочке глаз. Исходя из этого можно сказать, что у всех голубоглазых людей есть общий предок. Разумеется, его имя нам неизвестно и эту тайну наука никогда не раскроет.

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Всех голубоглазых людей роднит один человек

Вам будет интересно: Миллионы людей испытывают «визуальный снег» в глазах. Что это и насколько опасно?

Голубые глаза могут изменить цвет

Многие новорожденные дети имеют голубой цвет глаз, но потом они могут стать зелеными, карими или обрести другой оттенок. Голубизну глаз младенцев можно объяснить тем, что в раннем возрасте их организмы еще плохо развиты, и пигмента меланина в их глазах очень мало. Со временем его становится больше, и глаза могут сильно поменять свой цвет.

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Многие дети рождаются с голубыми глазами, но потом их цвет меняется

Читайте также: Правда ли, что белая бумага наносит глазам вред

Люди с голубыми глазами склонны к алкоголизму

Научные исследования показывают, что люди с голубыми глазами в 1,8 раз больше рискуют стать алкоголиками, чем люди с другим цветом глаз. Исходя из этого можно предположить, что склонность к алкоголизму может передаваться по наследству, но из-за каких именно генетических последовательностей это происходит, на данный момент ученые сказать не могут.

5 малоизвестных фактов о голубоглазых людях, которые вас удивят - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Голубоглазые люди больше других склонны к алкоголизму, но причина этому все еще не ясна

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Примечательно, что ответственный за цвет глаз меланин бывает двух видов: эумеланин и феомеланин. Считается, что меланин придает глазам красивый шоколадно-коричневый цвет, а феомеланин ответственен за янтарный, зеленый и ореховый цвет глаз. Голубоглазые люди имеют минимум эумеланина, а у людей с зелеными глазами эумеланин и феомеланин имеются примерно в равном количестве. Если хотите узнать о цвете глаз людей, читайте исчерпывающую статью моей коллеги Любови Соковиковой «Почему глаза разного цвета и какой цвет самый редкий?».

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