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Самым крупным и тяжелым животным на Земле является синий кит — постоянные читатели нашего сайта должны прекрасно об этом знать. Длина их тела составляет до 33 метров, а масса может достигать 150 тонн. На протяжении многих лет эти создания были объектом китобойного промысла: люди охотились на них для получения жира, мяса, китового уса, печени и головного мозга. Это привело к тому, что количество китов на Земле резко уменьшилось, поэтому многие страны решили отказаться от этого дела для сохранения популяции животных. Запрет на охоту касался и других видов китов, в том числе и финвалов — это вторые в мире самые крупные животные. Недавно Япония вновь открыла охоту на этих созданий, и это вызвало большое недовольство со стороны защитников природы.
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Финвалы являются очень близкими родственниками синих китов
Интересный факт: на протяжении многих веков люди охотились на китов ради жидкого жира ворвани, который использовался в качестве топлива в промышленности. Во второй половине 20 века киты начали интересовать людей мясом для изготовления колбасы. Из китового уса, роговых пластинок во рту китов, люди делали дорогую обивку для мебели.
Содержание
- 1 Кто такие финвалы
- 2 Самые крупные животные в мире после синих китов
- 3 Как живут киты в океане
- 4 Почему на китов нельзя охотиться
- 5 Какие страны охотятся на китов
Кто такие финвалы
Финвалы, которые также известны как обыкновенные полосатики (Balaenoptera physalus) — это очень близкие родственники синих китов. Они настолько похожи внешне и даже на генетическом уровне, что в природе можно встретить их гибриды. Это значит, что финвалы и синие киты иногда спариваются и дают здоровое потомство. Но при этом они являются представителями двух разных видов.
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Финвалы стали известны науке в 1675 году. Источник изображения: sketchfab.com
Самые крупные животные в мире после синих китов
Киты полосатики являются вторыми самыми крупными животными на Земле, после синих китов. Длина их тела может достигать 27 метров, причем обычно самки крупнее самцов. Несмотря на эту разницу между полами, масса тела у них примерно одинаковая и достигает 70 тонн. Внешне они похожи на синих китов, но тело имеет более стройную форму.
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Финвалы похожи на синих китов, за исключением нескольких отличий. Источник фотографии: chudo-prirody.com
Читайте также: В США начали массово гибнуть киты, и ученые не знают почему
Как живут киты в океане
Финвалы обитают во всех океанах Земли, но держатся в стороне от прибрежных регионов. Летом они плывут поближе к холодным водам Арктики и Антарктики, чтобы добыть там еду. С наступлением зимы же эти создания устремляются в более теплые широты, чтобы спариваться и рождать на свет новое потомство. Скорость их плавания достигает 50 километров в час, при необходимости они могут нырять на глубину до 230 метров. Под водой, без воздуха, они могут продержаться около 15 минут.
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В большинстве своем финвалы одиночные животные. Источник фотографии: dannykesslerphotography.com
Большинство финвалов живут в одиночестве, но существуют и особи, которые предпочитают жизнь в группах до шести особей. Обычно они занимаются добычей еды — они едят как маленьких ракообразных, так и относительно крупных рыб. В день финвалы едят до 2 тонн пищи. Длительность жизни финвалов достигает 90 лет.
Почему на китов нельзя охотиться
В отличие от синих китов, у финвалов на протяжении многих веков не было врагов. Самую большую угрозу для китов обычно представляют люди, но так как финвалы всегда держатся далеко от берегов, до них было трудно добраться.
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Охота на китов запрещена во многих странах для сохранения их популяции. Источник изображения: guidetoiceland.is
Но с развитием технологий охота на них стала возможной, и люди истребили много животных этого вида. Согласно статистике, в 1938 году в Южном полушарии Земли было убито 28 тысяч финвалов. Чтобы остановить истребление китов-полосатиков, в 1982 году Международная китобойная комиссия (IWC) постановила полностью запретить охоту на них.
Боевые дельфины и киты-разведчики: как морских животных используют в военных целях
Какие страны охотятся на китов
Недавно Япония вновь добавила финвалов в свой список коммерческих китобойных видов. Исходя из того, что этот вид все еще находится под угрозой, защитники считают это решение большим шагом назад. Если охота будет идти успешно, а в этом почти нет сомнений, популяция этих китов может снова сократиться, и достигнутый прогресс в сохранении животных сойдет на нет.
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Китобойная промышленность в Японии. Источник изображения: rg.ru
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Единственными людьми, которым никогда не запрещали охотиться на китов — это жители Чукотки. Но важно отметить, что они могут заниматься китобойным промыслом только не в коммерческих целях. Им дали такое разрешение потому, что они живут у берегов Берингова моря, и в настолько суровых условиях это один из самых доступных способов выжить. Охота на китов для этих людей является опасным занятием, потому что они используют не огромные корабли, а самодельные лодки. Настоятельно рекомендуем почитать об этом статью «Как чукчи охотятся на китов — смертельно опасный промысел на краю Земли».
