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Представьте себе существо, которое похоже на что-то среднее между змеей и червем, но при этом является ящерицей. Звучит как нечто невозможное, но на самом деле это реальность — такой необычный внешний вид имеют двуходки, также известные как амфисбены. Эти создания до сих пор остаются для ученых крайне загадочными, потому что они настолько скрытны, что могут десятилетиями не попадаться людям на глаза. Но иногда такие удивительные встречи случаются. Например, недавно в Бразилии был открыт новый вид червеобразных ящериц, и это отличный повод, чтобы рассказать об этих удивительных созданиях.

Червеобразные ящерицы: самые странные существа, которых вы когда-либо видели - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Амфисбены — одни из самых странных и скрытных животных в мире. Источник изображения: herpeton.ru

Содержание

  • 1 Кто такие двуходки
  • 2 Гибрид червя и змеи
  • 3 Как устроены амфисбены
  • 4 Самые скрытные животные в мире
  • 5 Новый вид двуходок

Кто такие двуходки

Двуходки, или амфисбены (Amphisbaenia) — это подотряд чешуйчатых пресмыкающихся, который насчитывает более 180 видов. Их название происходит от древнегреческих слов, которые означают «движение в оба конца», что точно отражает их уникальную способность двигаться как вперед, так и назад с одинаковой легкостью. Эти существа выглядят настолько необычно, что их легко можно спутать с червями или змеями, хотя на самом деле они относятся к ящерицам.

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Издалека амфисбены действительно напоминают дождевых червей. Источник изображения: animalreader.ru

Гибрид червя и змеи

Главная особенность двуходок — это их цилиндрическое, червеобразное тело, покрытое кольцевидными складками кожи. Эти кольца не только придают им внешний вид, напоминающий червя, но и играют важную роль в их передвижении. Двуходки могут ползать как змеи, но их главная способность заключается в сжатии и растяжении туловища, что создает впечатление ползущего червя. Эта техника особенно полезна для их подземного образа жизни.

Червеобразные ящерицы: самые странные существа, которых вы когда-либо видели - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Двуходки питаются насекомыми и другими беспозвоночными существами. Источник изображения: reddit.com

Как устроены амфисбены

Еще одна удивительная черта двуходок — их необычный череп. Он не похож на череп большинства других рептилий: у них отсутствуют некоторые кости, которые обычно есть у ящериц, что делает их голову более массивной и приспособленной для рытья земли. Некоторые виды даже имеют головы, которые по форме напоминают лопаты, утюги или клювы — все это нужно для того, чтобы легко прокладывать путь под землей.

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Голова амфисбенов отлично приспособлена для рытья земли. Источник изображения: wikipedia.org

Хотя большинство двуходок полностью лишены конечностей, представители рода Bipes все же сохранили короткие передние лапки, что придает этим существам еще больше странности. Кроме того, у двуходок, в отличие от многих змей и ящериц, развито левое легкое, а не правое, что снова выделяет их среди других рептилий.

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У некоторых двуходок имеются небольшие лапки. Источник изображения: reddit.com

Самые скрытные животные в мире

Интересно, что двуходки редко выходят на поверхность, предпочитая проводить свою жизнь под землей, где они охотятся на насекомых и других беспозвоночных. Некоторые виды даже живут в муравейниках и термитниках, и по какой-то причине агрессивные муравьи терпят их присутствие, что делает этих созданий еще более загадочными.

Червеобразные ящерицы: самые странные существа, которых вы когда-либо видели - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Некоторые двуходки не попадают на глаза людей на протяжении десятков лет. Источник изображения: iflscience.com

Двуходки — настоящие мастера прятаться. Они ведут настолько скрытный образ жизни, что некоторые виды могут не попадаться на глаза человеку десятилетиями. Например, сомалийская остромордая двуходка (Ancylocranium somalicum) оставалась невидимой для науки более 90 лет, пока в январе этого года ее случайно не обнаружили в Сомалиленде.

Вам будет интересно: Самые незаметные животные в мире — попробуйте найти их на фотографиях

Новый вид двуходок

Недавно в горах Бразилии ученые обнаружили новый вид двуходок — Amphisbaena amethysta. Загадочные создания были найдены в ходе экологических исследований на северном участке горной цепи Эспиньясу. Чтобы убедиться, что перед ними действительно новый вид, ученые тщательно изучили их строение и провели анализ ДНК.

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Двуходка вида Amphisbaena amethysta. Источник изображения: iflscience.com

Новый вид амфисбенов длиной около 26 сантиметров имеет характерный для двуходок вид: розовое тело, которое к хвосту становится более коричневым. Как и другие двуходки, этот вид приспособлен к жизни под землёй, что объясняет его маленькие и почти незаметные глаза.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Там вы найдете много чего интересного!

Ну что, как вам этот гибрид червя и змеи? Своим мнением делитесь в нашем Telegram-чате, а также загляните в наш материал о том, какие животные роют самые глубокие норы. Нет, это не двуходки!

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