NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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В 2021 году на планете Марс стало одним исследовательским аппаратом больше — аэрокосмическое агентство NASA доставило туда марсоход Perseverance. Перед этим роботом была поставлена грандиозная задача по сбору образцов марсианского грунта. Ученые считают, что на дне кратера Езеро миллиарды лет назад была жидкая вода, в которой жили марсианские организмы. Исследователи хотят доставить образцы грунта на Землю, чтобы изучить их в лабораторных условиях. Если им улыбнется удача, они смогут доказать, что мы не одни во Вселенной, и как минимум на Красной планете когда-то была жизнь, а может, она существует до сих пор. Все шло прекрасно, но недавно выяснилось, что NASA переоценило свои силы. Агентство не может доставить марсианский грунт на Землю своими силами и теперь просит помощи у частных компаний.

NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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Аэрокосмическое агентство NASA признало, что не сможет доставить образцы Марса на Землю по прежнему плану. Источник: mars.nasa.gov

Содержание

  • 1 Сбор образцов марсианского грунта
  • 2 Доставка марсианского грунта на Землю
  • 3 Сколько стоит освоение Марса
  • 4 Будущее миссии Perseverance
  • 5 Отправка людей на Марс

Сбор образцов марсианского грунта

Стоимость миссии Perseverance оценивается в 2,4 миллиарда долларов. Но это только расходы за первые три года, в ходе которых одноименный марсоход успел поездить по кратеру Езеро вместе со своим спутником — вертолетом Ingenuity. Несмотря на возникшие проблемы, ровер успешно собрал 24 образца марсианского грунта. По сути, капсулы с ценным материалом уже готовы к отправке на Землю, но агентство NASA не ожидало, что это будет настолько сложная задача.

NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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Марсоход Perseverance и вертолет Ingenuity. Источник: nasa.gov

Важная новость: Марсианский вертолет Ingenuity сломался — его миссия официально завершена

Доставка марсианского грунта на Землю

Согласно первоначальному плану, примерно к 2030 году на Марс должны были отправиться сразу две ракеты. На борт первого специалисты NASA хотели погрузить посадочный модуль, а внутрь второго поместить орбитальный аппарат.

NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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В представлении NASA, отправка грунта на орбиту Марса выглядит так. Источник: sciencealert.com

Самый крупный из когда-либо созданных посадочных модулей, по плану, должен был сесть на поверхность Марса. Предполагалось, что он возьмет капсулы с марсианским грунтом и поместит внутрь небольшой ракеты. На следующем этапе миссии эта ракета должна была полететь на орбиту Марса и передать образцы грунта орбитальному аппарату, который и доставил бы капсулы на Землю.

Читайте также: Возможно, марсоход Perseverance уже давно нашел следы жизни на Марсе

Сколько стоит освоение Марса

План казался идеальным, и представители NASA хотели уложиться в 4 миллиарда долларов. Но потом стало понятно, что разработать ракеты и аппараты для доставки марсианского грунта на Землю инженерам удастся только к 2040-м годам, и для этого потребуется до 11 миллиардов долларов. По словам администратора NASA Билла Нельсона, это слишком долго и дорого, потому что через два десятилетия астронавты уже должны высадиться на Марс лично, а не ждать коробочки с образцами грунта.

NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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Отверстия, сделанные марсоходом Perseverance, чтобы добыть грунт. Источник: nasa.gov

Будущее миссии Perseverance

Представители NASA не хотят мириться с минусами старого плана отправки грунта с Марса на Землю. Сейчас им нужна новая стратегия, и агентство попросило помощи у частных аэрокосмических компаний вроде Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Boeing и SpaceX. У них есть время до 17 мая 2024 года, чтобы разработать и представить NASA новый план, который будет быстрее и дешевле старого. Если какой-то из вариантов понравится руководству, авторы станут официальными подрядчиками агентства.

NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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Возможно, на помощь в очередной раз придет Илон Маск. Источник: ccn.com

Так что сейчас нам нужно ждать середины мая, чтобы ситуация вокруг образцов марсианского грунта хоть как-то разрешилась. Если нам станет известно что-то интересное, мы обязательно об этом расскажем, так что подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Там вы можете оставлять комментарии.

Вы будете удивлены: Вы даже не представляете какого размера ракета StarShip SpaceX

Отправка людей на Марс

В 20 веке человечество сделало первые шаги за пределами Земли. В 21 веке нам предстоит увидеть, как люди осваивают Луну и Марс полноценно: строят там базы и даже прокладывают между ними железные дороги.

NASA не может сама доставить образцы Марса на Землю. 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Идеальная лунная колония будет выглядеть так. Источник: itcrumbs.ru

Недавно американский предприниматель Илон Маск рассказал, что хочет отправить на Марс миллион человек. Для этого глава SpaceX планирует построить сотни космических кораблей Starship нового поколения (на сегодняшний день компания тестирует только прототипы) и разработать систему их дозаправки в космосе. Он сразу же предупредил, что первые люди на Марсе уже вряд ли вернутся обратно, у них будет билет только в один конец. А еще раньше он говорил, что во время первых полетов люди вполне могут умереть.

А вы уже есть в нашем Telegram-чате? Мы каждый день устраиваем там интересные викторины, присоединяйтесь!

Планета Марс интересует людей уже давно. Астрономы изучают ее уже сотни лет, и за это время узнали о ней много чего нового. Подробнее об этом вы можете почитать в нашей статье «7 самых главных открытий, которые совершили ученые при изучении Марса».

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