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Последствия глобального потепления климата становятся все более заметными. Температура устанавливает новые абсолютные рекорды, при этом климат в средних широтах становится все более теплым. В связи с этим расширяется ареал обитания южных насекомых, в том числе и ядовитых. Например, несколько лет назад было отмечено появление в Подмосковье паука-аргиопы, который больше известен, как “паук-оса”. Также не первый год уже фиксируется насекомое богомол. В этом же году специалисты сообщают о появлении в Москве сразу двух типов южных ос — это оса пелопей и сколия-гигант.

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Из-за потепления климата в Москве появились осы, которые ранее встречались только в более южных регионах. Источник фото: vombat.su

Содержание

  • 1 Оса пелопей — охотница на пауков
  • 2 Чем опасна оса пелопей
  • 3 Сколия-гигант — самая большая оса Европы
  • 4 Чем опасна оса сколия-гигант
  • 5 Что делать, если укусила оса

Оса пелопей — охотница на пауков

Эти осы распространены в тропиках и умеренных широтах по всему миру. Они имеют черное тело с желтыми пятнами. Длина насекомого варьируется от 12 до 32 мм. Этих ос легко узнать по брюшку, которое находится от груди на достаточно большом расстоянии, и кажется, что соединено с ним тонкой нитью.

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Оса пелопей имеет тонкую и длинную талию. Источник фото: fotkiflo.ru

Оса пелопей отличается от всех других своих собратьев тем, что охотятся на пауков. Причем она запасается своей добычей, то есть складывает в своем жилье большое количество мертвых или парализованных пауков. Свои дома они строят из грязи и глины, которую собирают во влажных местах.

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Оса пелопей лепит свои гнезда из грязи и глины. Источник фото: fotkiflo.ru

Для строительства гнезд эти осы выбирают укрытия, защищающие их от дождя. Поэтому часто лепят их под карнизами зданий и даже внутри домов. Гнездо состоит из отдельных ячеек, в каждую из которых оса откладывает по одному яйцу. Также она заполняет ячейки мертвыми пауками, и запечатывает их. Поэтому появившееся потомство имеет запас еды.

Чем опасна оса пелопей

Как и все осы, пелопей имеет жало, и может его применить, когда чувствует опасность. Их укус болезненный и может вызвать значительный дискомфорт. Но самое опасное — серьезные аллергические реакции, которые может вызвать укус. Их симптомами является затрудненное дыхание, отек лица и горла, ускоренное сердцебиение. При появлении таких симптомов необходимо немедленно обратиться за медицинской помощью.

В Москве из-за жары появились два вида опасных ос — что необходимо знать? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Оса пелопей часто создает гнезда внутри зданий. Источник фото: dzen.ru

Следует учитывать, что осы создают иногда гнезда в вентиляционных шахтах и в помещениях, куда имеют доступ. Когда они чувствуют угрозу для гнезда, например, человек близко к нему приближается, становятся очень агрессивными и опасными. Наиболее высокая вероятность столкнуться с ними в частных домах и на дачах.

Сколия-гигант — самая большая оса Европы

Сколия-гигант, она же сколия пятнистая, относится к крупным видам ос, относящихся к семейству сколий. Она является не только самой крупной осой в Европе, но и крупнейшим представителем перепончатокрылых на континенте. Длина тела самок достигает 40 миллиметров, а самцов — 32 миллиметра.

В Москве из-за жары появились два вида опасных ос — что необходимо знать? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Сколия — самая большая оса в Европе. Источник фото: vombat.su

Основной фон окраски тела черный, и имеет характерные желтые полосы. Крылья широкие, желтовато-бурого цвета, имеют яркий фиолетовый отлив. Этот вид обитает на территории Северной Африки, южной Европы, Турции, также встречается на Ближнем Востоке и в Средней Азии. В России ранее можно было встретить эту осу только в южных областях, например, в Воронежской области. Причем она занесена здесь в красную книгу. Теперь же эту осу можно встретить и в Москве.

Взрослые осы питаются исключительно нектаром цветов, а вот личинки плотоядные — они питаются личинками крупных пластинчатоусых жуков. Причем чаще всего их добычей становятся личинки жука-носорога, а также, мраморного хруща и хрущей рода Melolontha.

В Москве из-за жары появились два вида опасных ос — что необходимо знать? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Сколия-гигант питается нектаром цветов. Источник фото: admnvrsk.ru

Оплодотворенные самки отыскивают личинок жуков в почве, уколом жала парализуют их и откладывают внутри яйцо. Вылупившаяся личинка осы выедает личинку жука полностью, а затем сплетает вокруг нее кокон и таким образом зимует. Взрослые особи живут тоже в земле — роют норы возле корней деревьев и пней.

Так как взрослые особи, в отличие от обычных ос, питаются только нектаром, они не летят на продукты, например, арбузы. Соответственно, риск столкнуться с этой осой и быть укушенным практически отсутствует.

Чем опасна оса сколия-гигант

Из-за большого размера эти осы выглядят устрашающе, однако они менее ядовиты, чем шершни. Кроме того, сколии не нападают стаями, в отличие от многих других своих собратьев, тех же шершней. Их одиночные укусы хоть и болезненные, но они не несут смертельной опасности для человека, если на них нет аллергии.

В Москве из-за жары появились два вида опасных ос — что необходимо знать? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Сколия не нападает на людей. Источник фото: vombat.su

Как и в случае с укусами ос пелопей, аллергия на яд насекомого может угрожать жизни. Поэтому при появлении первых симптомов необходимо обратиться за медицинской помощью.

Что делать, если укусила оса

Если вас все же укусила оса, следует принять антигистаминный препарат, который предотвратит появление опасных для жизни последствий аллергической реакции. Место укуса следует промыть антисептиком, чтобы исключить заражение. Снять отек и боль поможет лед, который нужно приложить к месту укуса. К слову, все эти меры необходимо принять и при укусе других ядовитых насекомых, например, паука-осы. Напомним, что в последние несколько лет отмечается их нашествие в Подмосковье.

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Разумеется, помимо ос и паука аргиопы в Подмосковье и даже в Москве также встречаются другие опасные насекомые и змеи. Встреча с некоторыми из них может быть опасной для жизни. Подробнее об этом можно почитать по ссылке.

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