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На сегодняшний день ученым известно о существовании около 3500 видов змей — из них только 600 считаются ядовитыми и всего лишь несколько смертельно опасными. Когда речь заходит о змеином яде, подразумевается не какое-то одно вещество, а смесь разных химических соединений. Одни из них отвечают за распространение яда по всему организму жертвы, вторые превращают кровь с густую жижу для облегчения переваривания, а третьи разрушают нервную систему и обездвиживают добычу. Ядовитая смесь доставляется в организм жертвы через укус — у каждой ядовитой змеи есть пара острых клыков. Обладательницей самых длинных клыков является змея габонская гадюка, о которой можно рассказать много чего интересного. Она настолько хитра и агрессивна, что внушает ужас во многих животных Африки.

5 удивительных фактов о габонской гадюке — змее с самыми длинными клыками - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Габонская гадюка впрыскивает в тела своих жертв пугающее количество яда

Недавно о габонской гадюке рассказали авторы издания Science Alert. Представляем вашему вниманию выжимку самых интересных фактов — стоит признать, что мы сами были впечатлены.

Содержание

  • 1 Размер и вес габонской гадюки
  • 2 Длина клыков габонской гадюки
  • 3 Яд габонской гадюки
  • 4 Опасность габонской гадюки для человека
  • 5 Животные копируют габонских гадюк

Размер и вес габонской гадюки

Габонская гадюка (Bitis gabonica) также известная как кассава, встречается почти во всех частях Африки. Ее размеры внушают страх как маленьких, так и больших зверей — она способна вытягиваться на 1,8 метров и весит до 20 килограммов. Несмотря на внушительные размеры, она прекрасно охотится, нападая из засады. Голова шириной 15 сантиметров имеет узор, который отдаленно напоминает упавший с дерева лист. Многие животные не замечают свирепого хищника и становятся его жертвами. За одну секунду габонская гадюка может прыгнуть на расстояние до 6 метров.

5 удивительных фактов о габонской гадюке — змее с самыми длинными клыками - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Габонская гадюка — большая и тяжелая змея, которая отлично прячется среди листвы

Длина клыков габонской гадюки

Африканская змея имеет самые длинные клыки среди всех змей — их длина может достигать 5 сантиметров. Считается, что эволюция наделила габонскую гадюку таким оружием для того, чтобы она эффективно охотилась на млекопитающих. Она охотится в темное время суток, преимущественно на грызунов. Но иногда змея вполне может напасть на птиц, ящериц и лягушек. Известны случаи, когда гадюки нападали на древесных змей, но такие случаи очень редки.

5 удивительных фактов о габонской гадюке — змее с самыми длинными клыками - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Длинные клыки габонской гадюки

Яд габонской гадюки

Габонская гадюка кусает жертву и не отпускает до тех пор, пока она не умрет от воздействия яда. После укуса она впрыскивает впечатляющие 2400 миллиграммов сухого яда и 9,7 миллилитров влажного яда. Стоит отметить, что 100 миллиграммов сухого яда считаются смертельно опасными для человека.

5 удивительных фактов о габонской гадюке — змее с самыми длинными клыками - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Габонская гадюка в момент атаки

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Опасность габонской гадюки для человека

Успокаивает тот факт, что габонская гадюка не обитает в местах большого скопления людей. К тому же, она не агрессивна по отношению к человеку — обычно она кусает если случайно на нее наступить или слишком сильно спровоцировать. На месте укуса габонской гадюки появляется отек с волдырями, а человек начинает страдать от тошноты и лихорадки. Яд приводит к образованию тромбов и остановке сердца.

5 удивительных фактов о габонской гадюке — змее с самыми длинными клыками - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Габонская гадюка имеет огромную голову, по сравнению с которой клыки не кажутся такими уж и большими

В случае нападения габонской гадюки рекомендуется наложить шину в область укуса. Тканью можно убрать остатки яда, но прижигать и отсасывать ее категорически нельзя. Разумеется, необходимо сразу же отвезти пострадавшего в больницу — существует эффективное противоядие от укуса габонской гадюки.

Читайте также: Змеи Северной Америки массово вымирают от загадочного грибка

Животные копируют габонских гадюк

Для человека габонская гадюка, если ее не провоцировать, не опасна. Однако, на животных Африки она внушает неподдельный ужас. Эта змея настолько опасна, что ее потенциальным жертвам пришлось выработать хитрости для защиты. Например, гигантская жаба (Amietophrynus superciliaris) в ходе эволюции научилась имитировать внешний вид и звуки габонской гадюки. Эта способность многократно повышает шансы на выживание жабы в африканских лесах.

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Гигантская жаба умеет притворяться габонской гадюкой

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Итак, габонская гадюка является змеей с самыми большими клыками. А звание самой быстрой змеи принадлежит черной мамбе, яд которой убивает в 100% случаев. Эта змея может набирать скорость до 11 километров в час и запросто догнать обычного человека, не имеющего особенной физической подготовки. За один укус черная мамба вводит в тело жертвы 400 миллиграммов яда, в то время как смертельно опасными для человека считаются 10-15 миллиграммов.

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