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Китай является безусловным чемпионом мира в области строительства плотин и гидроэлектростанций. Мало того, что их много, так еще среди них есть самая мощная конструкция в плане вырабатываемой электроэнергии. Речь идет о гидроэлектростанции «Три ущелья», расположенной на самой длинной в Евразии реке Янцзы. В 2014 году эта конструкция смогла выработать такое количество энергии, что ее хватило для обеспечения энергией нескольких миллионов домов. В периоды обильных дождей, гидроэлектростанция способна выработать еще больше электричества. Недавно стало известно, что скоро в Китае появится еще более мощная гидроэлектростанция, способная побить все предыдущие рекорды. Будущая плотина сможет обеспечить энергией огромное количество людей и сократить выбросы парниковых газов, которые плохо влияют на природу, провоцируя глобальное потепление. Но строительство все равно подвергается сильной критике.

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Китай хочет перестать вредить природе, вырабатывая энергию при помощи гидроэлектростанций

Самая большая гидроэлектростанция в 2024 году

На момент написания этой статьи, самая мощная работающая на воде электростанция находится в Китае и называется «Три ущелья». Для выработки энергии она использует водные потоки реки Янцзы, которая простирается на 6 300 километров.

Китай строит самую большую гидроэлектростанцию в мире — она сможет питать миллионы домов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Хотя планирование плотины «Три ущелья» началось в 1955 году, проект не мог быть реализован в течение примерно 40 лет из-за предполагаемой опасности обрушения

Начиная с 2014 года, она ежегодно вырабатывает до 100 миллиардов кВт⋅ч энергии. Если учесть, что в среднем один китайский дом потребляет примерно 1 289 кВт⋅ч в год, этой энергии должно хватать для питания десятков миллионов домов.

В 2020 году, когда в Китае шли проливные дожди, потоки воды на реке Янцзы были настолько мощными, что гидроэлектростанция «Три ущелья» выработала рекордные 111,8 миллиардов кВт⋅ч энергии. Считается, что это эквивалентно энергии, вырабатываемой сразу несколькими атомными электростанциями.

Китай строит самую большую гидроэлектростанцию в мире — она сможет питать миллионы домов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Гидроэлектростанция «Три ущелья» начала строиться в 1992 году, и была запущена только в 2003 году

У гидроэлектростанции «Три ущелья» есть еще одна важная особенность — она является самым тяжелым сооружением в мире. Это сплошная плотина из бетона, которая весит 65,5 миллионов тонн. Ее стоимость оценивается в 30,5 миллиардов долларов.

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Китай строит самую большую плотину в мире

В 2021 году Китай объявил о своих намерениях создать «суперплотину», которая будет в три раза мощнее, чем «Три ущелья». Она будет располагаться на реке Брахмапутра, которая является крупнейшим притоком реки Ганг и тянется через территории Китая, Индии и Бангладеша. Если гидроэлектростанцию удастся построить, то к 2060 году китайские власти хотят достичь углеродной нейтральности, то есть перестать вредить природе парниковыми выбросами.

Китай строит самую большую гидроэлектростанцию в мире — она сможет питать миллионы домов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Часть реки Брахмапутра

Звучит как отличная идея, только вот идея уже подвергается суровой критике. Дело в том, что во время строительства гидроэлектростанции «Три ущелья» из своих домов были выселены более 1,25 миллионов человек. Также мест своих обитания лишилось огромное количество животных, потому что их естественные места обитания разрушаются. Существуют серьезные опасения, что строительство новой плотины на реке Брахмапутра нанесет людям и природе еще больше вреда.

К тому же, строительство такого сооружения усложняет отношения Китая с соседями. Все потому, что Индия и Бангладеш сильно зависят от воды в реке Брахмапутра, а плотина может изменить потоки воды, что может стать причиной ее дефицита. Но есть сведения, что Индия может построить свою гидроэлектростанцию на другом притоке реки, чтобы компенсировать убытки.

Китай строит самую большую гидроэлектростанцию в мире — она сможет питать миллионы домов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Река Брахмапутра является причиной горячих споров

Важно отметить, что споры по поводу воды ведутся не только между Китаем, Индией и Бангладешом. В Эфиопии сейчас строится мощная гидроэлектростанция Хыдасе. Она находится на реке Голубой Нил и после начала работы станет самой большой на территории Африки. Строительство этого сооружение критикуется Суданом и Египтом, потому что они опасаются истощения собственных водных ресурсов.

Китай строит самую большую гидроэлектростанцию в мире — она сможет питать миллионы домов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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На карте видно, что африканская гидроэлектростанция будет затрагивать ресурсы Эфиопии, Судана и Египта

Вам будет интересно: Первая в мире скважина на вулкане может стать источником «неограниченной энергии»

Как работают гидроэлектростанции

Кажется, в будущем в мире станет как минимум на две мощной гидроэлектростанции больше. Одна будет находиться в Китае, а другая — в Эфиопии.

Эти сооружения работают относительно просто. Гидроэлектростанции используют воду из реки или накопленного водоема для создания электричества. Вода проходит через большие турбины, которые вращаются под действием потока воды, подобно колесу ветряной мельницы. Вращение турбин приводит в движение генераторы, которые преобразуют механическую энергию в электрическую.

Китай строит самую большую гидроэлектростанцию в мире — она сможет питать миллионы домов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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